Type 1 Diabetes
Also known as: Juvenile Diabetes, Insulin-dependent Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the pancreas makes little or no insulin. It usually begins in childhood or early adulthood and needs lifelong insulin.
Symptoms
- Excessive thirst and urination
- Weight loss
- Bedwetting in children
- Tiredness
- Fruity breath
Causes
- Autoimmune destruction of insulin-making cells
Risk factors
- Family history
- Some genetic factors
Complications
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Low blood sugar
- Long-term eye, kidney and nerve damage
Treatment overview
Requires lifelong insulin by injection or pump, with blood sugar monitoring, carbohydrate counting and regular check-ups.
Prevention
- Cannot currently be prevented
When to see a doctor
Urgently if a child has rapid weight loss, heavy thirst, vomiting or drowsiness.
Medicines used
Specialists who treat it
Frequently asked questions
What are the symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes?
Excessive thirst and urination, Weight loss, Bedwetting in children, Tiredness, Fruity breath
What causes Type 1 Diabetes?
Autoimmune destruction of insulin-making cells
How is Type 1 Diabetes treated?
Requires lifelong insulin by injection or pump, with blood sugar monitoring, carbohydrate counting and regular check-ups.
How can Type 1 Diabetes be prevented?
Cannot currently be prevented
Medically reviewed by
Medical review pending
Last updated
9 October 2026
Sources
- World Health Organization fact sheets
- ICMR and MoHFW national guidelines
- National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC)
This information is for general awareness and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. Do not start, stop or change any medicine without medical advice.