Type 2 Diabetes
Also known as: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Sugar, Madhumeh
Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition in which the body does not use insulin properly, so blood sugar stays high. India has one of the largest numbers of people with diabetes in the world.
Symptoms
- Frequent urination
- Excessive thirst
- Tiredness
- Slow-healing wounds
- Blurred vision
- Tingling in feet
Causes
- Insulin resistance
- Reduced insulin production
Risk factors
- Overweight, especially belly fat
- Family history
- Physical inactivity
- Age over 30
- History of gestational diabetes
Complications
- Heart disease
- Kidney damage
- Eye damage (retinopathy)
- Nerve damage
- Foot ulcers
Treatment overview
Managed with diet, regular exercise, weight loss and medicines such as metformin; some people need insulin. Regular monitoring of HbA1c, kidneys, eyes and feet is essential.
Prevention
- Healthy weight
- 150 minutes of exercise a week
- Limit sugar and refined carbs
- Regular screening after 30
When to see a doctor
If you have symptoms of high sugar, or a family history and have never been tested.
Tests used
Medicines used
Specialists who treat it
Frequently asked questions
What are the symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes?
Frequent urination, Excessive thirst, Tiredness, Slow-healing wounds, Blurred vision, Tingling in feet
What causes Type 2 Diabetes?
Insulin resistance, Reduced insulin production
How is Type 2 Diabetes treated?
Managed with diet, regular exercise, weight loss and medicines such as metformin; some people need insulin. Regular monitoring of HbA1c, kidneys, eyes and feet is essential.
How can Type 2 Diabetes be prevented?
Healthy weight, 150 minutes of exercise a week, Limit sugar and refined carbs, Regular screening after 30
Medically reviewed by
Medical review pending
Last updated
9 October 2026
Sources
- World Health Organization fact sheets
- ICMR and MoHFW national guidelines
- National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC)
This information is for general awareness and does not replace advice from a qualified doctor. Do not start, stop or change any medicine without medical advice.